Modern History & Freedom Movement in Bihar

🔥 1857 Revolt in Bihar

• Led by Kunwar Singh, a zamindar of Jagdishpur (Arrah, Bhojpur)
• Fought against the British at age 80
• Known for his guerrilla tactics and courage
• Joined by Amar Singh and other local leaders
• British officer Capt. Dunne faced strong resistance in Bihar

📝 PYQ (BPSC): Who led the 1857 revolt in Bihar? → Kunwar Singh

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🌾 Indigo & Peasant Movements

🟢 Indigo Revolt (Champaran, 1867–68)

• Early resistance against tinkathia system (forced indigo cultivation)
• Peasants protested against European planters

🟢 Bihar Kisan Sabha (1929)

• Formed by Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
• Fought for peasants' land rights and against zamindari exploitation

📝 PYQ (DPSC): Who formed Bihar Kisan Sabha? → Swami Sahajanand Saraswati

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🌱 Champaran Satyagraha (1917)

• First satyagraha led by Mahatma Gandhi in India
• Location: Champaran district, Bihar
• Aim: To abolish tinkathia system imposed by British indigo planters
• Supported by: Dr. Rajendra Prasad, J.B. Kripalani, Rajkumar Shukla

📝 PYQ (BPSC): Where did Gandhi launch his first Satyagraha? → Champaran, Bihar

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🚩 Civil Disobedience & Quit India Movement

• Salt Satyagraha: Bihar's involvement led by Rajendra Prasad, Jagjivan Ram
• Quit India Movement (1942): Active participation from students and farmers
• Key centres: Patna, Gaya, Saran, Motihari
• Underground leaders: Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, Yadunandan Prasad Mehta

📝 PYQ (BPSC): Bihar’s major contribution during Quit India Movement? → Underground resistance and protests

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📢 JP Movement (1974)

• Launched by Jayaprakash Narayan against corruption and authoritarianism
• Also called the "Total Revolution" (Sampoorna Kranti)
• Started in Patna, spread across India
• Led to formation of Janata Party government (1977)

📝 PYQ (DPSC): JP Movement was launched from which city? → Patna

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🧑‍🏫 Role of Bihar’s Freedom Fighters

• Dr. Rajendra Prasad – First President of India; born in Ziradei, Siwan
• Sri Krishna Sinha – First Chief Minister of Bihar
• Anugrah Narayan Sinha, Jagjivan Ram – Congress leaders from Bihar
• Phulo-Jhano, Peer Ali Khan, Rahmat Ali – grassroots freedom fighters

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📌 Quick Revision Points

• 1857: Kunwar Singh led from Jagdishpur
• Indigo system protested in Champaran before 1917
• Gandhi's first Satyagraha: Champaran (1917)
• Bihar Kisan Sabha: Swami Sahajanand (1929)
• 1942: Quit India Movement → underground activism
• 1974: JP Movement = Sampoorna Kranti from Patna
• Key figures: Rajendra Prasad, Sri Krishna Sinha, Jagjivan Ram

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📚 Sources Used

• NCERT Class 8–12 – Modern History
• Lucent GK – Modern History
• Drishti Bihar Special Book
• Ghatna Chakra PYQ Digest
• EduTeria BPSC GS Compilations