Emergency

Emergency provisions are mentioned in which part of the Constitution?
a) Part XVI
b) Part XVIII
c) Part XX
d) Part XIV
✅ b) Part XVIII

The Articles dealing with Emergency provisions are:
a) 352–360
b) 356–365
c) 360–370
d) 350–360
✅ a) 352–360

National Emergency is dealt under:
a) Article 356
b) Article 360
c) Article 352
d) Article 365
✅ c) Article 352

State Emergency (President’s Rule) is imposed under:
a) Article 352
b) Article 360
c) Article 356
d) Article 354
✅ c) Article 356

Financial Emergency is imposed under:
a) Article 354
b) Article 360
c) Article 365
d) Article 355
✅ b) Article 360

National Emergency can be proclaimed on grounds of:
a) Armed rebellion only
b) War or external aggression
c) War, external aggression, or armed rebellion
d) Internal disturbance
✅ c) War, external aggression, or armed rebellion

The term “armed rebellion” replaced “internal disturbance” by:
a) 42nd Amendment
b) 44th Amendment
c) 52nd Amendment
d) 86th Amendment
✅ b) 44th Amendment

Who can proclaim National Emergency?
a) Prime Minister
b) President
c) Supreme Court
d) Speaker of Lok Sabha
✅ b) President

National Emergency must be approved by Parliament within:
a) 1 month
b) 2 months
c) 3 months
d) 6 months
✅ a) 1 month (30 days)

Once approved, National Emergency continues for:
a) 3 years
b) 6 months
c) 1 year
d) Indefinitely until revoked
✅ b) 6 months (renewable)

The Emergency declared in 1975 was:
a) Financial
b) State
c) National
d) None
✅ c) National Emergency (Internal disturbance)

The first National Emergency was declared in:
a) 1949
b) 1962
c) 1965
d) 1971
✅ b) 1962 (Indo-China war)

National Emergency affects:
a) Federal structure
b) Fundamental Rights
c) Centre–State relations
d) All of the above
✅ d) All of the above

During Emergency, Parliament can legislate on:
a) Union List
b) State List
c) Both
d) None
✅ b) State List

During National Emergency, which rights are automatically suspended?
a) Article 14
b) Article 21
c) Article 19
d) Article 25
✅ c) Article 19

Suspension of Fundamental Rights under Article 19 occurs:
a) During Financial Emergency
b) Only during National Emergency due to war/external aggression
c) Under Article 360
d) Anytime Parliament wants
✅ b) Only during war/external aggression (not armed rebellion)

President can suspend enforcement of FRs (except Article 20 and 21) under:
a) Article 356
b) Article 359
c) Article 358
d) Article 360
✅ b) Article 359

Which Articles are never suspended even during Emergency?
a) Article 19 and 21
b) Article 20 and 21
c) Article 14 and 15
d) Article 32
✅ b) Article 20 and 21

During Emergency, Parliament’s term can be extended by:
a) 1 year
b) 6 months
c) 2 years
d) 3 years
✅ a) 1 year (at a time, up to 6 months after Emergency ends)

How many times has National Emergency been declared?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
✅ b) 3 (1962, 1971, 1975)

Article 356 allows the President to act if:
a) Centre fails
b) State fails to comply with constitutional machinery
c) State becomes bankrupt
d) Lok Sabha is dissolved
✅ b) State fails to comply with constitutional machinery

President’s Rule must be approved within:
a) 1 month
b) 2 months
c) 3 months
d) 6 months
✅ b) 2 months

President’s Rule can continue for:
a) 1 year
b) 6 months
c) 3 years
d) Indefinitely
✅ c) 3 years (with approval every 6 months, and conditions after 1 year)

Which Constitutional Amendment put a 3-year limit on President’s Rule?
a) 42nd
b) 44th
c) 52nd
d) 73rd
✅ b) 44th Amendment

Maximum number of times Article 356 has been used (approx)?
a) 50
b) 80
c) 100+
d) 200+
✅ c) 100+ (often misused)

Which landmark case limited misuse of Article 356?
a) Kesavananda Bharati
b) Golaknath
c) S.R. Bommai v. Union of India
d) Indira Sawhney
✅ c) S.R. Bommai v. Union of India (1994)

S.R. Bommai case ruled that:
a) Emergency can’t be imposed
b) President’s Rule is subject to judicial review
c) Article 368 is unconstitutional
d) Parliament is supreme
✅ b) President’s Rule is subject to judicial review

Financial Emergency has been:
a) Imposed 1 time
b) Imposed 3 times
c) Never imposed
d) Imposed 5 times
✅ c) Never imposed (till 2024)

Under Financial Emergency, salaries of:
a) Government employees
b) Judges
c) Both
d) Only Prime Minister
✅ c) Both can be reduced

During Financial Emergency, Centre can direct States to:
a) Resign
b) Reduce expenditures
c) Amend Constitution
d) Control elections
✅ b) Reduce expenditures

Who recommends imposition of Financial Emergency?
a) Parliament
b) Finance Commission
c) Council of Ministers
d) President (on own discretion)
✅ d) President

Parliament approves Emergency by:
a) Simple majority
b) Special majority
c) Absolute majority
d) 3/4th majority
✅ b) Special majority (more than 50% of total + 2/3rd of present & voting)

Article 355 imposes duty of Union to:
a) Conduct elections
b) Protect states from external aggression and internal disturbance
c) Control judiciary
d) Abolish Legislative Councils
✅ b) Protect states from external aggression and internal disturbance

Who must recommend Emergency to President?
a) Governor
b) Prime Minister
c) Cabinet in writing
d) Chief Justice
✅ c) Cabinet in writing (per 44th Amendment)

The Emergency provisions are modeled after:
a) USA
b) Canada
c) Germany (Weimar Constitution)
d) UK
✅ c) Germany (Weimar Constitution)

Which Emergency impacts federalism the most?
a) National Emergency
b) Financial Emergency
c) President’s Rule
d) Both a and c
✅ d) Both a and c

Which Fundamental Right is NOT affected during any Emergency?
a) Article 19
b) Article 20
c) Article 21
d) Both b and c
✅ d) Both b and c

The effect of Article 358 is limited to:
a) All emergencies
b) Emergency due to war or external aggression
c) Emergency due to armed rebellion
d) All FRs
✅ b) Emergency due to war or external aggression

Lok Sabha can be extended by one year at a time during:
a) President’s Rule
b) Emergency under Article 352
c) Emergency under Article 360
d) Article 368
✅ b) Emergency under Article 352

The term of State Legislative Assembly can also be extended during:
a) Emergency under Article 352
b) President’s Rule
c) Financial Emergency
d) None
✅ a) Emergency under Article 352

What is the effect of Emergency on federal distribution of powers?
a) No effect
b) More powers to States
c) More powers to Centre
d) Equally divided
✅ c) More powers to Centre

Fundamental Rights are suspended under Article:
a) Article 19
b) Article 359
c) Article 356
d) Article 361
✅ b) Article 359

What majority is required to approve Emergency in Parliament?
a) 2/3rd of present and voting
b) Simple majority
c) Special majority
d) Absolute majority only
✅ c) Special majority

Judicial review of Emergency is:
a) Prohibited
b) Limited
c) Allowed under Article 32
d) Impossible
✅ c) Allowed under Article 32 (esp. after Bommai case)

Article 360 provides power to the President to:
a) Suspend judiciary
b) Proclaim Financial Emergency
c) Dismiss Chief Ministers
d) Abolish Parliament
✅ b) Proclaim Financial Emergency

Article 358 suspends:
a) Article 14
b) Article 19
c) Article 21
d) Article 25
✅ b) Article 19

Emergency powers of the President are subject to:
a) Judicial review
b) PM approval
c) Governor’s advice
d) President’s discretion only
✅ a) Judicial review

National Emergency can affect:
a) Both Centre and States
b) Only Centre
c) Only States
d) Only Armed Forces
✅ a) Both Centre and States

Article 356 can be challenged in:
a) Parliament
b) High Court only
c) Supreme Court
d) Election Commission
✅ c) Supreme Court

The 44th Amendment made which Emergency provision more stringent?
a) Article 352
b) Article 356
c) Article 360
d) Article 355
✅ a) Article 352 (added Cabinet's written advice and limited Article 358)