Comparison of Budget: Union and Bihar
๐๏ธ Budget Size & Fiscal Indicators
| Indicator | Union Budget 2025โ26 | Bihar Budget 2024โ25 |
|---|---|---|
| Total Budget Size | โน50.63 lakh crore | โน2.78 lakh crore |
| Capital Expenditure | โน11.21 lakh crore (3.1% of GDP) | โน57,029 crore |
| Fiscal Deficit | 4.4% of GDP | 3.78% of GSDP |
| Revenue Deficit | 1.5% of GDP | 0.27% of GSDP |
| Revenue Surplus | โ | โน5,042 crore |
| Effective Capital Outlay | โน15.48 lakh crore | โน74,229 crore |
| Outstanding Liabilities | 56.1% of GDP | 29.1% of GSDP |
๐ช Priority Themes & Goals
| Focus Theme | Union Budget | Bihar Budget |
|---|---|---|
| Central Theme | Sabka Vikas, Viksit Bharat 2047 | Inclusive Growth, Jan-Hit focus |
| Key Sectors | Agriculture, MSME, Investment, Export | Health, Education, Infrastructure, Rural Dev. |
| Capex Vision | Infra-led job creation & digital Bharat | State-wide development & capital push |
| Special Tagline | Garib, Yuva, Annadata, Nari | โPeople-Centric Developmentโ |
๐พ Agriculture & Farmers
| Scheme / Focus | Union Budget | Bihar Budget |
|---|---|---|
| New Schemes | PM Dhan-Dhaanya Yojana in 100 districts | Saat Nishchay 2.0, Mukhya Mantri Bagwani Yojana |
| Credit Limit (KCC) | Raised to โน5 lakh | Focus on expanding KCC coverage |
| Cotton & Pulses Missions | Cotton 5F model, Pulses self-reliance | Makhana, Litchi, Maize, Banana, Onion support |
| Storage/Irrigation | Major infrastructure in irrigation | Ganga Water Lift Scheme, Canals, Check Dams |
| Dairy Sector | Focus via allied sector policies | COMFED expansion, subsidies for desi cow farming |
๐งฑ Infrastructure & CapEx
| Infrastructure Area | Union Budget | Bihar Budget |
|---|---|---|
| Highways | Bharatmala + State Connectivity | PMGSY, State Highways, 4 new expressways |
| Railways | Vande Bharat, Metro expansion | Patna Metro, surveys for Gaya, Darbhanga, Bhagalpur |
| Urban Development | โน1 lakh cr Urban Challenge Fund | Smart cities, garbage-free ratings, water+ certifications |
| Rural Infra | Jal Jeevan Mission, Housing, Swachh Bharat | MGNREGS, Har Ghar Nal, Toilets, Housing for poor |
| Power Sector | Nuclear Energy Mission, Renewable 47% target | 100% Electrification, solar targets, BREDA efforts |
๐ Education, Health, & Youth
| Social Sector | Union Budget | Bihar Budget |
|---|---|---|
| Education | Atal Tinkering Labs, Gyan Bharatam, AI Labs | School upgrades, Bihar Startup Policy, YUVA Model |
| Health | 200 Cancer Centres, Heal in India, PHC digitization | Health for All, hospital infra, maternal health |
| Youth & Skilling | e-Shram, Gig ID, Skill India Digital | Kushal Yuva, Mega Skill Centres, ITIs |
| Women Focus | Welfare cards, BC Sakhi scheme nationally | JEEVIKA, SHG support, employment in MGNREGS, Mid-day meals |
๐ผ MSME & Industry
| Industrial Support | Union Budget | Bihar Budget |
|---|---|---|
| MSME Classification Revised | Yes (โ turnover & investment limits) | Policy reforms & land banks by BIADA |
| Startup Ecosystem | BharatTradeNet, Export Promotion Mission | Startup Bihar, โน150 crore SIDBI Fund, incubators |
| Textile & Handloom | R&D & Export focus | 10k working capital, โน33.3 cr power subsidy |
| Food Processing | Agro-cluster zones, Institute in Bihar | Banana, Makhana, Litchi, agro-processing units |
๐ Environment & Climate
| Climate Actions | Union Budget | Bihar Budget |
|---|---|---|
| Renewable Energy | 100 GW Nuclear, solar capex incentives | Solar under Jal-Jeevan-Hariyali, BREDA efforts |
| Forest & Green Missions | Wetland Dev, Afforestation focus | Forest cover โ by 687 sq km, fire mgmt, GHG tracking |
| River & Water | Eastern Canal, Inland Waterways | Ganga Lift Scheme, check dams, irrigation canals |
๐งพ Tax & Revenue Measures
| Tax Measures | Union Budget | Bihar Budget |
|---|---|---|
| Personal Income Tax | Slabs revised (up to โน12 lakh zero tax) | No new changes โ state doesnโt levy income tax |
| GST | Ongoing compliance & simplification | Bihar is high GST contributor among poor states |
| Excise/Customs | Adjustments for defence & capital goods | Excise on liquor is major revenue source |
| Fiscal Discipline | FD 4.4%, target <4% next year | FD within FRBM limit (3.78%) |
โ Summary Pointers for Mains/Prelims
- Union Budget focuses on macro-economy, export, investment, global competitiveness
- Bihar Budget is people-centric with focus on health, rural economy, and women-led growth
- Both budgets emphasize infrastructure, agriculture modernization, digital governance, and fiscal responsibility
- Union's โน1.5 lakh crore loan scheme supports states like Bihar for reforms and capital investment